C#:几种数据库的大数据批量插入(转)-白红宇

C#:几种数据库的大数据批量插入(转)
阅读量：5164 次
发布时间：2019-06-13
本文共 10487 字，大约阅读时间需要 34 分钟。
在之前只知道SqlServer支持数据批量插入，殊不知道Oracle、SQLite和MySql也是支持的，不过Oracle需要使用Orace.DataAccess驱动，今天就贴出几种数据库的批量插入解决方法。首先说一下，IProvider里有一个用于实现批量插入的插件服务接口IBatcherProvider，此接口在前一篇文章中已经提到过了。/// /// 提供数据批量处理的方法。/// 
public interface IBatcherProvider : IProviderService{/// /// 将 
       的数据批量插入到数据库中。/// 
/// 要批量插入的 
     。/// 每批次写入的数据量。void Insert(DataTable dataTable, int batchSize = 10000);}一、SqlServer数据批量插入SqlServer的批量插入很简单，使用SqlBulkCopy就可以，以下是该类的实现：/// /// 为 System.Data.SqlClient 提供的用于批量操作的方法。/// 
public sealed class MsSqlBatcher : IBatcherProvider{/// /// 获取或设置提供者服务的上下文。/// 
public ServiceContext ServiceContext { get; set; }/// /// 将 
       的数据批量插入到数据库中。/// 
/// 要批量插入的 
     。/// 每批次写入的数据量。public void Insert(DataTable dataTable, int batchSize = 10000){Checker.ArgumentNull(dataTable, "dataTable");if (dataTable.Rows.Count == 0){return;}using (var connection = (SqlConnection)ServiceContext.Database.CreateConnection()){try{connection.TryOpen();//给表名加上前后导符var tableName = DbUtility.FormatByQuote(ServiceContext.Database.Provider.GetService
     
      (), dataTable.TableName);using (var bulk = new SqlBulkCopy(connection, SqlBulkCopyOptions.KeepIdentity, null){DestinationTableName = tableName, BatchSize = batchSize}){//循环所有列，为bulk添加映射dataTable.EachColumn(c => bulk.ColumnMappings.Add(c.ColumnName, c.ColumnName), c => !c.AutoIncrement);bulk.WriteToServer(dataTable);bulk.Close();}}catch (Exception exp){throw new BatcherException(exp);}finally{connection.TryClose();}}}}SqlBulkCopy的ColumnMappings中列的名称受大小写敏感限制，因此在构造DataTable的时候应请注意列名要与表一致。以上没有使用事务，使用事务在性能上会有一定的影响，如果要使用事务，可以设置SqlBulkCopyOptions.UseInternalTransaction。二、Oracle数据批量插入System.Data.OracleClient不支持批量插入，因此只能使用Oracle.DataAccess组件来作为提供者。/// 
      /// Oracle.Data.Access 组件提供的用于批量操作的方法。/// 
public sealed class OracleAccessBatcher : IBatcherProvider{/// 
      /// 获取或设置提供者服务的上下文。/// 
public ServiceContext ServiceContext { get; set; }/// 
      /// 将 
        的数据批量插入到数据库中。/// 
/// 
      要批量插入的 
      。/// 
      每批次写入的数据量。public void Insert(DataTable dataTable, int batchSize = 10000){Checker.ArgumentNull(dataTable, "dataTable");if (dataTable.Rows.Count == 0){return;}using (var connection = ServiceContext.Database.CreateConnection()){try{connection.TryOpen();using (var command = ServiceContext.Database.Provider.DbProviderFactory.CreateCommand()){if (command == null){throw new BatcherException(new ArgumentException("command"));}command.Connection = connection;command.CommandText = GenerateInserSql(ServiceContext.Database, command, dataTable);command.ExecuteNonQuery();}}catch (Exception exp){throw new BatcherException(exp);}finally{connection.TryClose();}}}/// 
      /// 生成插入数据的sql语句。/// 
/// 
      /// 
      /// 
      /// 
      private string GenerateInserSql(IDatabase database, DbCommand command, DataTable table){var names = new StringBuilder();var values = new StringBuilder();//将一个DataTable的数据转换为数组的数组var data = table.ToArray();//设置ArrayBindCount属性command.GetType().GetProperty("ArrayBindCount").SetValue(command, table.Rows.Count, null);var syntax = database.Provider.GetService
      
       ();for (var i = 0; i < table.Columns.Count; i++){var column = table.Columns[i];var parameter = database.Provider.DbProviderFactory.CreateParameter();if (parameter == null){continue;}parameter.ParameterName = column.ColumnName;parameter.Direction = ParameterDirection.Input;parameter.DbType = column.DataType.GetDbType();parameter.Value = data[i];if (names.Length > 0){names.Append(",");values.Append(",");}names.AppendFormat("{0}", DbUtility.FormatByQuote(syntax, column.ColumnName));values.AppendFormat("{0}{1}", syntax.ParameterPrefix, column.ColumnName);command.Parameters.Add(parameter);}return string.Format("INSERT INTO {0}({1}) VALUES ({2})", DbUtility.FormatByQuote(syntax, table.TableName), names, values);}}以上最重要的一步，就是将DataTable转为数组的数组表示，即object[][]，前数组的上标是列的个数，后数组是行的个数，因此循环Columns将后数组作为Parameter的值，也就是说，参数的值是一个数组。而insert语句与一般的插入语句没有什么不一样。三、SQLite数据批量插入SQLite的批量插入只需开启事务就可以了，这个具体的原理不得而知。public sealed class SQLiteBatcher : IBatcherProvider{/// 
       /// 获取或设置提供者服务的上下文。/// 
public ServiceContext ServiceContext { get; set; }/// 
       /// 将 
         的数据批量插入到数据库中。/// 
/// 
       要批量插入的 
       。/// 
       每批次写入的数据量。public void Insert(DataTable dataTable, int batchSize = 10000){Checker.ArgumentNull(dataTable, "dataTable");if (dataTable.Rows.Count == 0){return;}using (var connection = ServiceContext.Database.CreateConnection()){DbTransaction transcation = null;try{connection.TryOpen();transcation = connection.BeginTransaction();using (var command = ServiceContext.Database.Provider.DbProviderFactory.CreateCommand()){if (command == null){throw new BatcherException(new ArgumentException("command"));}command.Connection = connection;command.CommandText = GenerateInserSql(ServiceContext.Database, dataTable);if (command.CommandText == string.Empty){return;}var flag = new AssertFlag();dataTable.EachRow(row =>{var first = flag.AssertTrue();ProcessCommandParameters(dataTable, command, row, first);command.ExecuteNonQuery();});}transcation.Commit();}catch (Exception exp){if (transcation != null){transcation.Rollback();}throw new BatcherException(exp);}finally{connection.TryClose();}}}private void ProcessCommandParameters(DataTable dataTable, DbCommand command, DataRow row, bool first){for (var c = 0; c < dataTable.Columns.Count; c++){DbParameter parameter;//首次创建参数，是为了使用缓存if (first){parameter = ServiceContext.Database.Provider.DbProviderFactory.CreateParameter();parameter.ParameterName = dataTable.Columns[c].ColumnName;command.Parameters.Add(parameter);}else{parameter = command.Parameters[c];}parameter.Value = row[c];}}/// 
       /// 生成插入数据的sql语句。/// 
/// 
       /// 
       /// 
       private string GenerateInserSql(IDatabase database, DataTable table){var syntax = database.Provider.GetService
       
        ();var names = new StringBuilder();var values = new StringBuilder();var flag = new AssertFlag();table.EachColumn(column =>{if (!flag.AssertTrue()){names.Append(",");values.Append(",");}names.Append(DbUtility.FormatByQuote(syntax, column.ColumnName));values.AppendFormat("{0}{1}", syntax.ParameterPrefix, column.ColumnName);});return string.Format("INSERT INTO {0}({1}) VALUES ({2})", DbUtility.FormatByQuote(syntax, table.TableName), names, values);}}四、MySql数据批量插入/// 
        /// 为 MySql.Data 组件提供的用于批量操作的方法。/// 
public sealed class MySqlBatcher : IBatcherProvider{/// 
        /// 获取或设置提供者服务的上下文。/// 
public ServiceContext ServiceContext { get; set; }/// 
        /// 将 
          的数据批量插入到数据库中。/// 
/// 
        要批量插入的 
        。/// 
        每批次写入的数据量。public void Insert(DataTable dataTable, int batchSize = 10000){Checker.ArgumentNull(dataTable, "dataTable");if (dataTable.Rows.Count == 0){return;}using (var connection = ServiceContext.Database.CreateConnection()){try{connection.TryOpen();using (var command = ServiceContext.Database.Provider.DbProviderFactory.CreateCommand()){if (command == null){throw new BatcherException(new ArgumentException("command"));}command.Connection = connection;command.CommandText = GenerateInserSql(ServiceContext.Database, command, dataTable);if (command.CommandText == string.Empty){return;}command.ExecuteNonQuery();}}catch (Exception exp){throw new BatcherException(exp);}finally{connection.TryClose();}}}/// 
        /// 生成插入数据的sql语句。/// 
/// 
        /// 
        /// 
        /// 
        private string GenerateInserSql(IDatabase database, DbCommand command, DataTable table){var names = new StringBuilder();var values = new StringBuilder();var types = new List
        
         ();var count = table.Columns.Count;var syntax = database.Provider.GetService
         
          ();table.EachColumn(c =>{if (names.Length > 0){names.Append(",");}names.AppendFormat("{0}", DbUtility.FormatByQuote(syntax, c.ColumnName));types.Add(c.DataType.GetDbType());});var i = 0;foreach (DataRow row in table.Rows){if (i > 0){values.Append(",");}values.Append("(");for (var j = 0; j < count; j++){if (j > 0){values.Append(", ");}var isStrType = IsStringType(types[j]);var parameter = CreateParameter(database.Provider, isStrType, types[j], row[j], syntax.ParameterPrefix, i, j);if (parameter != null){values.Append(parameter.ParameterName);command.Parameters.Add(parameter);}else if (isStrType){values.AppendFormat("'{0}'", row[j]);}else{values.Append(row[j]);}}values.Append(")");i++;}return string.Format("INSERT INTO {0}({1}) VALUES {2}", DbUtility.FormatByQuote(syntax, table.TableName), names, values);}/// 
          /// 判断是否为字符串类别。/// 
/// 
          /// 
          private bool IsStringType(DbType dbType){return dbType == DbType.AnsiString || dbType == DbType.AnsiStringFixedLength || dbType == DbType.String || dbType == DbType.StringFixedLength;}/// 
          /// 创建参数。/// 
/// 
          /// 
          /// 
          /// 
          /// 
          /// 
          /// 
          /// 
          private DbParameter CreateParameter(IProvider provider, bool isStrType, DbType dbType, object value, char parPrefix, int row, int col){//如果生成全部的参数，则速度会很慢，因此，只有数据类型为字符串(包含'号)和日期型时才添加参数if ((isStrType && value.ToString().IndexOf('\'') != -1) || dbType == DbType.DateTime){var name = string.Format("{0}p_{1}_{2}", parPrefix, row, col);var parameter = provider.DbProviderFactory.CreateParameter();parameter.ParameterName = name;parameter.Direction = ParameterDirection.Input;parameter.DbType = dbType;parameter.Value = value;return parameter;}return null;}}MySql的批量插入，是将值全部写在语句的values里，例如，insert batcher(id, name) values(1, '1', 2, '2', 3, '3', ........ 10, '10')。五、测试接下来写一个测试用例来看一下使用批量插入的效果。[Test]public void TestBatchInsert(){Console.WriteLine(TimeWatcher.Watch(() =>InvokeTest(database =>{var table = new DataTable("Batcher");table.Columns.Add("Id", typeof(int));table.Columns.Add("Name1", typeof(string));table.Columns.Add("Name2", typeof(string));table.Columns.Add("Name3", typeof(string));table.Columns.Add("Name4", typeof(string));//构造100000条数据for (var i = 0; i < 100000; i++){table.Rows.Add(i, i.ToString(), i.ToString(), i.ToString(), i.ToString());}//获取 IBatcherProvidervar batcher = database.Provider.GetService
          
           ();if (batcher == null){Console.WriteLine("不支持批量插入。");}else{batcher.Insert(table);}//输出batcher表的数据量var sql = new SqlCommand("SELECT COUNT(1) FROM Batcher");Console.WriteLine("当前共有 {0} 条数据", database.ExecuteScalar(sql));})));}以下表中列出了四种数据库生成10万条数据各耗用的时间数据库耗用时间MsSql00:00:02.9376300Oracle00:00:01.5155959SQLite00:00:01.6275634MySql00:00:05.4166891